STRENGTHENING EXERCISES

DEFINITION

-Strength is the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and resultant force based on muscle

-Strengthening exercise is a systemic procedure of a muscle or muscle group lifting, lowering or controlling heavy loads ( resistance ) for a relatively low number repetition or over a short time of period

-Power defines as a work ( force x distance ) produced by the muscle per unit of time ( force x distance / time )

-Endurance is the ability to perform low intensity, repetitive or sustained activities over a prolong period of time


MASCULAR WEAKNESS & PARALYSIS 
 -Loss of movement or stability of a particular joint

-Muscle imbalance which affects all the groups concerned in the production of coordinated movement



CAUSES OF MUSCLE WEAKNESS 
 -Lesion affecting anterior horn cell

-Lesion affecting the motor pathways

-Lesion affecting muscle tissue

-Disuse of normal nerve and muscle tissue


GOALS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISES

-To increase muscle strength, power or endurance

-To maintain muscle strength, power or endurance

-To improve balance and coordination

-To reduce body fat and increase muscle mass

-To improve in perception of disability and quality of life


USE OF RESISTANCE EXERCISES

-Restoration of muscular strength

-Restoration of muscular coordination 
 
-Restoration of flexibility

-Restoration of cardiovascular endurance 

-Improvement of agility

-Improvement in speed

-Pain reduction

-Maintenance of general body conditioning


INDICATION
-Athlete
-Obesity
-Post operation surgery ( Total Knee Replacement (TKR) )
-Lower motor neuron patient
-Third phase of healing process for fracture

CONTRAINDICATION

-Inflammation 
   *Not indicated when joint or muscle is inflamed or swollen
   *Resistance will cause more damage to muscle or joint

-Pain
    *If patient experience severe joint pain or muscle pain during exercise or for more than 24    hours after exercise, the activity should be entirely eliminated or reduced

-Joint effusion
    *Accumulation of fluid in surrounding tissue
    *Will lead to pain


-When motion is disruptive to healing process ( acute tears, fractures, surgery, dislocations )

-Fever or active infection


PRECAUTION  

-Post-myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery

-Local muscle fatigue

-Total body fatigue

-Osteoporosis

-Exercising into pain 

-Diagnosis prohibiting exercise

-Uncontrolled hypertension

MODALITIES USED