JOINT

Classification of joint

-It can be classify based on structure and function.

a)structure:

-Material that binds the bones together and on the presence or absence of joint cavity.

1.) Fibrous joints

-Bones connect by fibrous tissue.

-No joint cavity, little or no movement.

-Types:

Suture (skull)

Syndesmoses (gomphoses)

Interosseus membrane (ulna and radius bone)

2.) Cartilaginous joints

-Bones united by cartilage.

-No joint cavity, little or no movement.

-Types:

Synchondrosis (hyline cartilage unite bone)

Symphysis (fibrocartilage unites bones)

3.) Synovial joints

-Most movable joints in body.

-Have joint cavity (synovial cavity and synovial fluid)

-Articular cartilage (cover end of opposing bones)

-Articular capsule (enclosed joint cavity)

-Reinforcing ligaments

-Bursae

TYPES OF JOINTS

a)Plane joints

-articular surface are plane ,allow only glidding movement.

b)Hinge joints

-cylindrical surface of one joints fits in the trough shape of the other. Allow movement around 1 axis.

c)Pivot joints

-rounded end of one bone forms into a ring bounded by the other bone plus a ligament movement occur in 1 axis.

d)Condyloid

-egg shape surface of one bone fits into concave surface of other. Allow movement in 2 axis.

e)Saddle

-articular surface if both bones are concave and convex(saddle) biaxial joint.

f)Ball and socket

-spherical head of one bone fits into the socket of the other, multiaxial joint.

B)FUNCTION

-Synarthroses = immovable joint (suture)

-Amphiarthroses = slightly movable joints (fibrous connection, intervetebral discs)

-Diarthroses = freely movable joints (synovial)